John Clifford was know for his hatred of the Yorkists and following his death at the battle of Towton his wife, Margaret, feared greatly for the safety of her two sons and she sent them into hiding to protect them from the wraith of the Yorkists. Richard, the youngest son, supposedly went to the Low Countries, where he shortly afterwards died. But Henry, the elder, only seven years old, and heir to his father's titles and estates, was either never taken out of England; or, if he were, he speedily returned, and was placed by his mother at Londesborough, in Yorkshire, with a trustworthy shepherd, the husband of a young woman who had been under-nurse to the boy whom she was now to adopt as her foster-son. Their mother was closely and peremptorily examined about them. She said, 'She had given direction to convey them beyond sea, to be bred up there; and that being thither sent, she was ignorant whether they were living or not'. Henry remained there until he was 14 and to maintain the secret he was not educated. That year a rumour reached the court of his being still alive and in England. Happily Lady Clifford had a friend at court, who forewarned her that the King had received an intimation of her son's place of concealment. With the assistance of her then husband, Sir Lancelot Threlkeld, Lady Clifford instantly removed 'the honest shepherd with his wife and family into Cumberland,' where he took a farm near the Scottish Borders. Here, though his mother occasionally held private communications with him, the young Lord Clifford passed fifteen years more, disguised and occupied as a common shepherd; and had the mortification of seeing his Castle and Barony of Shipton in the hands of his adversary, Sir William Stanley; and his Barony of Westmoreland possessed by the Duke of Gloucester, the king's brother.
Henry VII defeated Richard III at Bosworth and Henry, the Shepherd Lord, now thirty-one years old, was restored to his estates and titles. Henry VII knighted him and he was summoned to Parliament from Sep 1485. He was also present with the King forces at Stoke. He was appointed commissioner of array against the Scots and in May 1486 he was made Steward of Middleton and employed to receive the remaining Yorkist rebels to allegiance.
Henry assisted the Earl of Surrey in the relief of Norham Castle. He fought at Flodden in Sep 1513, he was one of the principal leaders, and brought to the field a numerous retinue, and even brought home to Skipton Castle some Scottish ordnance. He lent Henry VIII money for the French campaign in 1522 but he was too old to go himself.
Having regained his property and position, he immediately began to repair his castles and improve his education. He quickly learnt to write his own name; and, to facilitate his studies, built Barden Tower, near Bolton Priory, that he might place himself under the tuition of some learned monks there, and apply himself to astronomy, and other favourite sciences of the period.
His training as a warrior had been equally defective. Instead of being practised from boy-hood to the use of arms and the feats of chivalry, as was common with the youth of his own station, he had been trained to handle the shepherd's crook, and tend, and fold, and shear his sheep. Yet scarcely had he emerged from his obscurity and quiet pastoral life, when we find him become a brave and skilful soldier,—an able and victorious commander. He died on 23 Apr 1523. By his first wife Anne St. John, cousin to Henry VII, he left two sons and five daughters.2
Sir John Forster of Bamborough Castle, Knighted in 1547. He was Knight, and Capt. and for 37 years Lord Warden of the Middle Marches and of her Magesties Councell, established in the North, died in 1602. Sir John was noted for having many bastard children. He lived to be 102 year sold . He paid his servants well as it was noted that the servants could spend money on their wife's appearance. It was said that the Armstrongs seem to have found Graham and Forster girls particularly attractive, and vice Versa. The same thing happened all along the Border: one of the charges levelled against Sir John Forster, was that he tolerated inter-racial marriages, the Forsters with the Humes and Selbys wit hthe Tutherfords, the Collingwoods with the Halls of Teviotdale, the Reades with the Armstrongs, and so on. He was able to amass sufficient wealth to purcha e from Henry VII, all the church lands in Bamburgh, resulting from the dissolution of the monastries. Forster sunk deep as he was in Border Politics, doubtless had his own private reasons for permitting these alliances, but these apart he was too old and worldly-wise to try to impose government's law on Nature's. It was considered Treason to intermary with the Scots.
John Forster was considered the only native Warden of the M iddle March as most of the others were imports. This may have been the fact that he was there so long and lived so long. John didn't get the financial backing of London that he was intitled to and often said that the payment was not sufficient to maintain his house. The cost s were usually paid from his private funds or what could be recovered from rustling and other efforts.
John lost two brothers-in-law and one son-in-law, all murdered. They had gone out on a declaired day of peace and some one charged from the Scotish side which started a fight, killing the Forster family. At the time of John's death he was still being chased by robers. It was said to have been a tradition among the Borderers that when a male child was christened, his right hand should be excluded from the ceremony, so that in time of feud, he would be better equiped to strike "unhallowed" blows upon his family's enemies.
In 1560 he commanded a large force of light horse at the siege of Berwick, under the Duke of Norfolk. Following this he was appointed Deputy Governor of Berwick and, i n 1563 Deputy Warden of the East Marche. In 1569 he helped suppress the large uprising on the north which was led by the Earl o f Westmorland with the support of the Earl of Northumberland. As a result both Alnwick Castle nd Warkworth Castle fell into his hands and he stripped them of everything of value. He also stripped the Abby of glase, led, and types. John Forster and the Earl of Moray, a notable killer of reivers, marched in concert in 1569 to harry Liddesdale, and burned every house in the valley . Sir John was restored as Warden until 1595 when he was releaved of his duty pa rtly because of age and partly because of renewed charges of dishonesty and incompetence.
By 1569 the boarder conditions had changed with King James uniting the two kingdoms. He went home and spent his declining years at Bamborough Castle. Even though he had been a friend of the Scots in his day there were those who regarded him with deadly hostility, and on a night in October 1597 a band of 30 riders came over the line to Bamborough with the intent to settle his accounts at last. Forster was in his bed but Lady Forster saw the raders comming up the stairs and with great presents of mind she got the door closed and bolted.
2nd Son of Sir Thomas Foster of Alderstone, of Bamburgh castle, by grant of the Crown: dep. warden or warden of the Middle or East Marches for 3 7 years: knighted 1547: sheriff of Northumberland in 1549. Will Dated 1 601: proved 15th Jul 1802, by Dame Isabell Forster the widow and Nicholas Forster the son, heirs of Bamburo Castle.
Sir John was a valiant man and he took an active part in many wars. He was the escort to Mary Queen of Scotts over Halidon Hill towards Berwick. John sent a letter to his cousin which reads as follows--"Cousin Forster"- After righte heartie commendations unto you, ye shal understand yt I have received yr letter wherein you desire to know of yr pedigree, for that yr grandfather, as ye have learned descneded ou t of the house of Etherston, and to know whether he was one elder, second ,or third, or forth brother and wherefor he fled and countrie of Northumberland, I assure you I can trowhlie satisfie you therein; for you grandfather, called Roger Foster was my great uncle, and there were XIX brothers and he was the second brother, Hi s fathjer was called Thomas Forster, and his mother's name was Fetherstonehaugh; his eldest son was called Thomas Forster, who was my great-grandfather, and it happened that four of the said brethern at a hunting, and rideing homeward through a town called Newham, for the bitting of a greyhound they and a company of Karrs fell out, and there began bloodshed and fueds which continued until there was but one Karr of the greyhound living; during which time my grandfather and yours and another brother o f theirs, called Nicholas Forster- mine being twenty years old, yrs 1 7 years, and Nicholas a child of 14, being a-hunting-were waited on by opne of the Karrs and two of their allyance called Too and King, who set upon the three brothers and Too were slain there, and the Karr fled, insomuch that after the said slaughter, my grandfather flet to Ridsdale and ye countie, because he was safe there, and yours fled unto south parts , of whom I never heard of since yt time till now... At my house near Al nwick, 17th Apr, 1590, your loving cousin, John Forster.
He married Jane Radclyff, heiress to the Blanchland estates, which in this way, became part of the Forsters estate. By Jane he had several daughters. He also sowed quite a few wild oats and had a number of other children, including sons, who were illegitimate. His heir, Nicholas was born out of wedlock, possibly by Isabel Sheppard, whom Sir John later rmarried as his second wife. John's Funeral feast was his final flamboyant gesture. It cost over 450 pounds which was rougly equal to one third of his estate, and bearing in mind what he had paid for Bamburgh, it must have been quite a party.3
By 1547, John had a knighthood, was by some accounts Constable of Bamburgh Castle (a royal appointment) and had amassed sufficient wealth to buy from Henry VIII all the church lands in Bamburgh resulting from the dissolution of the monasteries. There is reason to believe he had served his king well and, presumably, had been rewarded. Probably he had also been doing some border raiding on his own account. Judging by his later life we get a picture of a real go-getter, tough, arrogant and unscrupulous and out to make his fortune.
At some stage he married Jane Radclyffe, heiress to the Blanchland estates, which in this way came to the Forsters. By Jane he had several daughters. He also sowed quite a few wild oats and had a number of other children, including sons, who were illegitimate. His heir, Nicholas, was born out of wedlock, possibly of Isabel Sheppard who Sir John later married as his second wife.
In 1557 he was one of the captains in a great foray into Scotland when more than 16 towns were sacked and burnt. In 1559, perhaps as a result of his showing in this, he was appointed Warden of the Middle Marches and responsible for keeping the peace over an area extending roughly from the Alnwick/Wooler road to the border with Cumberland and northwards up to the Scottish border. In 1560 he commanded a large force of light horse at the siege of Berwick under the Duke of Norfolk. Following this he was appointed Deputy Governor of Berwick and, in 1563, Deputy Warden of the East Marches. In this capacity he had to escort Mary Queen of Scots over Hailidon Hill to Berwick.
His valuable services to his queen put him in a very favourable position to advance his own interests. No doubt a blind eye was turned on much that he did. In 1569 he helped suppress the large uprising on the north which was led by the Earl of Westmorland with the support of the Earl of Northumberland. As a result both Alnwick Castle and Warkworth Castle fell into his hands and he proceeded to strip them of everything of value. It is not surprising, a few years later, to find Bamburgh Castle (of which he was now Captain) similarly denuded--even though this belonged to the Queen. In 1575 a royal commission was set up to investigate this and reported it to be in a state of "utter ruine and decay". It was quite clear that the previous captain, Sir John Horsley, had left the castle in a first class condition and in 1584 Sir John Forster was charged with laying it waste. However, perhaps not surprisingly, witnesses were reluctant to testify against him and so he got off. [Dorothy and the Forsters of Bamburgh, p. 3-5].4
Warkworth Castle was plundered by Sir John Forster, the Warden of the Middle Marches, who did damage that was "gret and marvellous". So much so that when James I came to Warkworth in 16517 he looked at the Percy Lion on the Keep and asserted "this lyone houldes up this castle." [Northumbrian Castle: The Coast, p. 30]
In 1542 Fenton, which is two miles SE of Ford, wsa regarded as a "house of strengthe" along with Etal and Ford. One hundred foot soldiers were here in 1549 under Sir John Forster and Scottish prisoners were housed here for a time. Fenton tower has disappeared from history beneath a large farmstead. [Medieval Castles, Towers, Peles and Bastles, p. 21]
Bamburgh Castle was neglected, and in Elizabeth's reign Sir John Forster plundered it and James I, who had no use for it, granted it to Claudius Forster in 1610. The Forsters continued to neglect the property, and in 1704 it was purchased by Lord Crewe, Bishop of Durham, to pay off the debts. Lord Crewe later married Dorothy Forster, and Thomas Forster was involved in the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715. [Castles, Towers, Peles and Bastles of Northumberland, p. 25]
In 1592 Sir John Forster sent a search party to Edlingham Castle in searh of Thomas Swinburne, whose father John Swinburne, wished to disinherit because the son was a Protestant. Sir John's men "found the walls of the castle so thick and the hiding places between the vaulting of the main hall and the floor above so numerous that 'traitors' could only be 'hungered out' after a more prolonged siege than they were prepared to conduct." [Medieval Castles, Towers, Peles and Bastles of Northumberland, p. 58]
Sir John Forster must surely be one of the most colorful of all the Forsters. The date of his birth is uncertain, but he lived until 1602, so it cannot have been much before 1520. Even though his family was well established they were not particularly rich. His prospects, therefore, could not have been too rosy. And yet, before 1547, when he must have been around 30, he had a knighthood, was, by some accounts, Constable of Bamborough Castle (a royal appointment) and had amassed sufficient wealth to buy from Henry VIII all the church land in Bamborough, resulting from the dissolution of monasteries.
DEED OF SALE BY HENRY VII TO SIR JOHN FORSTER OF BAMBURGH ESTATES FORMERLY BELONGING TO THE MONASTERY OF ST. OSWALD, ON 6TH MARCH 1547
"The King to all concerned Greetings. Know that we in consideration of 664.5 pounds of lawful English money to the hands of the Treasurer of our Court for the augmentation of the revenues of the Crown for our use well and faithfully paid by our beloved John Forster of Edderstone, int he County of Northumberland, Knight ... by these present do give and grant to the aforesaid John Forster the whole house and site of our Cell within our Manor of Bamburgh with its rights and members and appurtenances whatsoever in the said County of Northumberland late belonging and appertaining to the late Monastery of St. Oswald ... also singular messuages, houses, edifices, structures, barns, stables hereditaments, profits and commodities whatsoever..." Teh deed goes on to include tithes, rents, pastures, meadow, feedings, depth soil, woods, underwoods and trees. Particular mention is made of the following lands: Archdeacon Close, St. Aidan's Acre, Baptist Orchard, Kendall Close, St. Oswald's Acre, Tongue, Wyndeley Close -- all part of Bamburgh and Belforth, Huckessnyre, Lucker, Ross, etc.
Judging by his later life we get a picture of a real go-getter, tough, arrogant and unscrupulous, and out to make his fortune. At some stage he married Jane Radcliffe, heiress to the Blanchland estates, which is the way they came to the Forsters. By Jane he had several children. He also had a number of OOW children, including sons. His heir, Nicholas, was born OOW, possibly of Isabel Sheppard, whom Sir John later married as his second wife.
Sir John was also a soldier. In 1557 he was one of the captains in a great foray into Scotland when more than 16 towns were sacked and burnt. In 1559, perhaps as a result of this, he was appointed Warden of the Middle Marches and responsible for keeping the peace over an area extending roughly from the Alnwick/Wooler road to the border of Cumberland and northwards up to the Scottish border.
In 1560 he commanded a large force of light horses at the seige of Berwick under the Duke of Norfolk. Following, he was appointed Governor of Berwick and, in 1563, Deputy Warden of the East Marches.
In this capacity he had to escort Mary Queen of Scots over Halidon Hill to Berwick.
His valuable services to his queen put him in a very favorable position to advance his own interest. No doubt a blind eye was turned on much that he did. In 1569 he helped suppress the large uprising on the north which was led by the Earl of Westmorland with support of the Earl of Northumberland. As a result, both Alnwick Castle and Warkworth Castle fell into his hands and he proceeded to strip them of everything of value. Lord Hunsdon, writing to Lord Burghly about the times, asks:
"I knowe not what awtority ye commyted to Sir John Forster of the Erle of Northumberland's lands and howsys or what herof he hathe purchasyd: and therefor when any complaynts come to me I can say nothing. But he taks upon him to have the rule of all and so comands what he lyst; and this I assure you Lo. tht ytt ys grete pytty too see how Alnevyke Castell and Warkworth are spoyled by hym and hys ... And for the Abbey that stands yn Hull Parke he hathe neither lift led, glase, ierne or so much as the pypes of lede that convayed to the house ..."
It was not then surprising, a few years later, to find Bamborough Castle (of which he was now Captain) similarly denuded -- even though this belonged to the queen. In 1575 a royal commission was set up to investigate this and reported it to be in a state of "utter ruine and decay." It is quite clear the previous captain, Sir John Horsley, had left the castle in a first class condition and in 1584 Sir John Forster was charged with laying it waste. However, perhaps not surprisingly, witnesses were reluctant to testify against him and so he got off. Another incident also is illuminating. This occurred about the same time. Sir John, as Warden of the Middle Marches, and having "the quenes staff in his hand," seized by force a fishery on the Tyne at Eltringham which belonged to John Newton, a child of 6 or 7 years old. Newton's stepfather, Arthur Lee, in order to maintain his rights, set a boat and a net in his name. Sir John when he said he would not leave of fishing, caused Cuthbert who was officer under him ywell Lordship to seize Lee and immure him for 12 days in Bywell Castle, till his friends loosed his entering into recognizance to fish there no more ... [The Foster Family of Flanders, England, and America, p. 20-22].4
Natural son of Sir John Forster and Isabel Sheppard; m. ?? Clervaux; father of John, Sir Claudius and others. [Dorothy and the Forsters of Bamburgh, p. 19]
Bastard son of Sir John Forster by Isabel sheppard; Lord Blanchland and knight, Gov. of Bamborough Castle; lord of the manor; High Sheriff of Northumberland in the 44th year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth; m. Jane Radcliff; d. 1613; may have m. a Clervaux; father of Claud Forster. [The Foster Family of Flanders, England, and America, p. 22]
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