Waltheof's son-in-law Simon de St Liz was the next holder of the Earldom [of Huntingdon], the family connections of Simon's wife Maud making the transition a natural one under the terms prevailing then. Indeed the history of the Earldom over the next few decades amply illustrates the almost chattel-like nature of such a title at this time, a quasi-hereditary post which was nevertheless as often as not held from the king at pleasure and which could be transferred between members of the same family like a parcel of land. [Burke's Peerage]
SIMON DE ST. LIZ, said to be a son of Ranulph the Rich, a Norman, appears to have come to England early in the reign of William II. Presumably in consequence of his mariiage, he became EARL of HUNTINGDON and NORTHAMPTON after 1086 (for he is not named in Domesday Book) and in or before 1090, when he witnessed a charter to Bath Abbey as "Earl Simon." He witnessed another royal charter under the same designation a little later. He fought for William in Normandy in 1098, and was taken prisoner by Louis, son of the French King. On the accession of Henry I in 1100 he witnessed the charter of liberties issued by the King at his Coronation. He built the Castle of Northampton and founded or refounded the Priory of St. Andrew in that town, and made it dependent on the Cluniac house of La Charité-sur-Loire; this was probably in the time of William Rufus, but certainly before 1108, when he granted an ample charter to it in conjunction with Maud his wife. He was a benefactor also to Daventry Priory, and probably built St. Sepulchre's, Northampton, about this time. He went to Jerusalem cruce signatus, and returned safely, but setting out again he died on the way at the abovenamed Priory of La Charité, and was buried there.
He married, perhaps as early as 1090 when she would be aged about 18, Maud, eldest daughter of Waltheof, EARL OF HUNTINGDON and NORTHAMPTON, by Judith, niece of William I. He died, as aforesaid, at La Charité presumably in 1111 or shortly afterwards. His widow married DAVID I of Scotland. [Complete Peerage VI:640-1.
The first post-Conquest Earl of Huntingdon appears to have been Waltheof, son of Siward Earl of Northumberland and indeed Siward's successor in the latter Earldom as well. Waltheof was later beheaded for conspiring against William the Conqueror.
WALTHEOF, son of SIWARD, EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND, by Ælfled, daughter of ALDRED of Bernicia, became EARL OF HUNTINGDON and EARL OF NORTHAMPTON when Tostig was banished in October 1065. He is not known to have opposed the Conqueror in 1066, but was taken to Normandy the following year. In 1069 he joined the Danes in their descent on Yorkshire, distinguishing himself in the attack on the city of York. When the Danes left England he submitted himself to William, in January 1070, and was restored to his Earldom, and to his father's Earldom of Northumberland in 1072. While attending the wedding of Ralph de Gael, Earl of Norfolk, at Exning in the spring or summer of 1075, he was enticed to join the conspiracy of the Earls of Norfolk and Hereford to seize England for themselves. He quickly repented, and by Lanfranc's advice went to Normandy and asked pardon of the King, who treated the matter lightly at the time; but at Christmas Waltheof was brought to trial at Westmminster, his wife Judith being a witness. He was imprisoned at Winchester, where on the resumption of the trial in May he was condemned and beheaded on St. Giles's Hill, 31 May 1076, and hastily buried .
He married, in 1070, Judith, daughter of Lambert, COUNT OF LENS, by Adelaide or Adeliz, sister of the Conqueror. He died as aforesaid, 31 May 1076, and a fortnight later the Abbot Ulfketel, at Judith's request and by the King's permission, removed his body to Crowland, where it was honourably entombed.(g) His widow, who as "Judith the Countess" is recorded in Domesday Book to have held estates in many counties in 1086, most of them apparently gifts from the King, her uncle, held Huntingdon in dower. She founded the Nunnery of Elstow, near Bedford. [Complete Peerage VI:638-40, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]
Many miracles are recorded, for Waltheof was by many regarded as a saint. An epitaph was written for the tomb by Orderic. Other epitaphs are in the Vita. He is described as strong in person and of great repute as a warrior, pious had learnt the psalter in his youth, was liberal to the clergy and the poor, and a benefactor in particular to Jarrow and Crowland. To the former he gave Tynemouth. The chief stain on his memory is his part in a family bloodfeud, for he ordered the murder of the sons of one Carl, who had killed Earl Ealdrcd, Walthcof's grandfather.
The county which gives designation to this earldom of Huntingdon was, according to Dr. Heylin, a thickly wooded forest until the reign of the 2nd Henry, when the timber was first cleared away; the chief town, from the celebrity of the forest as a chase, was called Huntingtown, which soon became abbreviated into Huntington, or Huntingdon. The Earldom of Huntingdom was conferred by William the Conqueror upon Waltheof (son of Syward, the Saxon Earl of Northumberland), who had married the daughter of that monarch's sister, by the mother's side, Judith. He was also Earl of Northampton, and of Northumberland, but conspiring against the Normans, he was beheaded in 1073 at Winchester, leaving issue, Maud and Judith.
Waltheof was the last of the Old English earls to survive under William I, his execution for treason in 1076 marking a significant stage in the aristocratic and tenurial revolution which followed 1066. Younger son of Siward, the Danish earl of Northumbria (1041-55) and Aelflaed, daughter of Aldred, earl of Northumbria, Waltheof received an earldom consisting of the shires of Huntingdon, Bedford, Northampton, Rutland, and Cambridge in 1065. As one of the few English magnates not from the Godwin faction, he accepted and was accepted by William I, witnessing royal charters and remaining loyal to the new regime until 1069 when he joined with the Danes in their invasion of Northumbria. He was prominent in their capture of York, hoping, no doubt, to be restored to his father's position. This opportunism is perhaps more characteristic of English magnate reactions to the political turmoil of 1065-70 than any supposed national feeling. However, the revolt and invasion were defeated by William's winter campaign of 1069-70. It is a measure of William's insecurity that when Waltheof submitted in 1070 he was restored to royal favour and, in 1072, added the earldom of Northumbria to his holdings. To bind him more tightly to the Norman dispensation, William gave him his niece Judith in marriage. But in 1075, Waltheof was implicated in the largely French revolt led by Ralph, earl of Norfolk, and Roger, earl of Hereford. Despite his lack of military action, his confession, apparent contrition and the support of Archbishop Lanfranc, Waltheof was executed on 31 May 1076.
The king's motives are obscure. Waltheof was the only prominent Englishman to be executed in the reign. Perhaps his removal was part of William's justifiably nervous response to the problem of controlling Northumbria. It may have made sense to take the chance to remove a potential --- and proven --- focus of northern discontent. Yet Waltheof's heirs were not harried, one daughter, Matilda, marrying David I of Scotland (1042-53), and another Ralph IV of Tosny, a leading Norman baron.
Waltheof is a significant reminder that the period around 1066 was transitional, with no necessarily definite beginnings or endings. Waltheof adapted to the new order, falling foul, it seems, of the ambitions and schemes of others, not least of parvenus Frenchmen. He married into the new elite, yet embodied the old. Heir to both English and Anglo-Danish traditions, it was he who completed one of the most celebrated of Anglo-Saxon blood-feuds. In 1016, Uchtred, earl of Northumbria was murdered by a northern nobleman called Thurbrand. He was, in turn, killed by Uchtred's son and successor, Ealdred, who was himself slain by Thurbrand's son, Carl. Waltheof's mother was Ealdred's daughter and he avenged his great-grandfather and grandfather by massacring a number of Carl's sons.
Waltheof was buried at Crowland Abbey where, as did many martyrs to royal policy in the middle ages, he found posthumous fame in a cult which, by the mid-twelfth century, was venerating him as a saint. Yet his career in the north shows that not far beneath the measured tones of Norman propagandists or the efficient gloss of English bureaucratic procedures simmered the violence of Dark Age epic.
York Abbey, in the city of York, was a Benedictine abbey and monastery. Originally founded as the minster of St Olave at Galmanho before 1055, it was refounded as a Benedictine monastery as part of an exchange of land between the Archbishop of York and monk Stephen of Whitby by 1068. It was also known as St Marys Abbey and The Kings Manor. For forther information see http://homepage.mac.com/philipdavis/English%20sites/3720.html.
Siward was said to be a giant in stature as well as immensely strong, blue-eyed, very fair and with a light beard. A legend tells that he sailed with fifty men from 'Danemark', arriving at the Shetland Islands where he encountered and slew a dragon (or serpent). He next landed in Northumbria. From there he went overland to London and was received by Edward the Confessor, the king of England, who persuaded him to help defend the kingdom.
The legend continues that as he was leaving the court one day, he was confronted on a bridge by Tostig, Earl of Huntington, who threw dirt at him as an insult. Siward took no offence at the time, but when he met Tostig on his return over the same bridge, he decapitated Tostig and carried his head back to the king. Impressed, the king awarded Siward the Earldom of Huntington in addition to Northumbria. Siward governed the territory of Northumbria which extended from the Humber River to the Tweed River on the border of Scotland, and he was greatly respected and loved by the Northumbrians who were chiefly of Danish extraction.
Prior to his death, Siward supported Malcolm, the rightful heir of Scotland, against King Macbeth. Siward's first son Osberne was killed in battle in 1054, some say by the hand of Macbeth.
BIOGRAPHY
Enguerrand was the eldest son of Hugues II, comte de Montreuil, and Berthe d'Aumale. He married Adela of Normandy, a daughter of Robert 'the Devil', duke of Normandy, and sister of Duke William I, the future William the Conqueror. For this he was excommunicated in October 1049 by the Council of Rheims, on grounds of consanguinity, as his sister was married to Guillaume, comte d'Arquens, an uncle of his wife. They had three children of whom Gui I and Hélesende would have progeny.
After his father's assassination in November 1052, Enguerrand took over the rule of Ponthieu. In alliance with King Henri I of France, he joined the revolt of Guillaume, comte d'Arquens against his nephew Duke William I. Enguerrand was killed on 25 October 1053 in battle near the château d'Arquens at Saint-Aubin-sur-Scie.
Duke William confiscated Aumale after Enguerrand's death and gave it to his widowed sister Adela as a county. Her second marriage was to Lambert, comte de Lens, with whom she had a daughter Judith who would have progeny. After Lambert's death in 1054, about 1060 she married Eudes, comte de Troyes, with whom she had a son Etienne who would have progeny.
Robert (I) "the Devil", 6th Duke of Normandy
Born circa 1008
Acceded on August 6, 1027
Died between July 1 and 3, 1035 at Nicaea in Bithynia while returning from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Ancient Nicaea was located about 65 miles south east of Constantinople. Referred to as Robert "the Devil" (Moriarty, Planatagent Ancestry, pg. 13), he is also known as Robert "the Magnificent".
Robert had a girlfriend named Herleva. Both were under twenty, possibly as young as seventeen, when Herleva became pregnant with their first child who was to become William the Conqueror. Herleva's father was Fulbert, who was probably a tanner. Fulbert has been described as "polinctor" which translates more readily as "embalmer", or one who prepares corpses for burial, but the traditon is strong that he was a tanner; and Falaise, Normandy was famous for its tanneries. Apparently there were no hard feelings with regard to Robert and Herleva having a child without undergoing the formality of a church ceremony. Fulbert was given a subordinate office at the ducal court, and Herleve's brothers, Osbert and Walter, appear as witnesses to various charters. As well, while Walter was never an official tutor or guardian of the young Duke William, he watched over William during his perilous childhood; and on occasion saved his life by snatching the boy from his cot and carrying him for safety to spend the rest of the night in the cottage of a poor family.
It would appear that Robert and Herleva "broke up", but once again, there do not seem to have been any hard feelings. Herleva married to Herluin, Vicomte of Contreville, and they had two sons: Odo, Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent; and Robert, Count of Mortain; both of whom were very close to their half brother, William the Conqueror; and both of whom were present at the Battle of Hastings.
In late 1034, curiosity or devotion induced Robert (I) "the Devil", 6th Duke of Normandy, to undertake a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, where the fatigues of the journey and the heat of the climate so impaired his consitution he died at Nicaea (in the area of Iznik in modern Turkey) on his way home.
Robert and Herleva had the following children:
William the Conqueror
Adeliza (Adelaide) of Normandy, (1029 - 1080/85)
Robert married in 1031 to Estrith, daughter of Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark. They had a divorce in 1032. Estrith had been previously married to Robert's father, Richard "the Good" and they had a divorce after a year or so as well. We are left to wonder if Estrith, whose mother was known as "Sigrid the Haughty", was difficult to get along with.
Heleve was the mistress of Robert the Magnificent of Normandy. For interesting reading see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herleva.3